Two simplex fiber cables can be combined to obtain a duplex cable – for example, for transmitting data signals in two directions through separate fibers.
Ribbon cables contain multiple fibers (typically 12) which are arranged side by side, resulting in a flat ribbon. Multiple ribbons can be placed on top of teach other. That geometry allows for a high packing density.
Fiber bundle cables can contain a large number of relatively small fibers, for example for illumination or imaging applications. Such bundles may be ordered (“coherent”) or unordered.
There are also fiber cables of the loose-tube type, where one or more coated fibers are loosely lying in a semi-rigid plastic tube (in air or in a moisture-blocking gel). There can be additional layers around the loose tube (or several loose tubes), such as a water blocking wrap and an outer jacket (e.g. made of polyethylene).
The construction may also contain a metal jacket for increased mechanical strength. Loose-tube cables can tolerate some amount of stretching, which would usually break glass fibers, because the loose tubes can contain some excess length of fiber. Their protection is often sufficient for outdoor use.
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Armored fiber-optic cables have an additional outer armor layer for further increased protection. They are suitable for being directly buried in the ground, or laid out aerially, or in outdoor ducts.
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